Finally, there’s one more aspect worth considering when it comes to cables, with TB4 branded cables of up to 2 meter in length required to support 40 Gbps speeds, while only shorter TB3 cables (most of them under 1 m) were able to maintain the same kind of speeds.
On top of these, Thunderbolt 4 compliant docks are also required to support instant wake from sleep and VT-D/DMA protection against Thunderspy attacks. In this case, while TB3 supports a single 4K 60Hz display, TB4 supports either a single 8K 60 Hz display or two 4K 60 Hz displays per port. While Thunderbolt 3 systems are required to support 16 Gbps for PCIe connections, Thunderbolt 4 allocates 32 Gbps, and that translates into faster connections with peripherals (docks, eGPUs, storage units, etc) and improved video-output support. The major difference is in the amount of bandwidth allocated via PCIe. So as far as speeds and overall capabilities go, Thunderbolt 4 is not faster or better than the previous standard. For starters, both TB3 and TB4 support throughputs of up to 40 Gbps, both can drive external monitors via DisplayPort 1.2 or HDMI 2.0 video outs, both offer 10 GbE fast networking, as well as power delivery (at a minimum of 15W of power). Technically, the two standards are mostly similar as well. Physically, both Thunderbolt 4 and Thunderbolt 3 are USB Type-C connectors, thus compact, reliable, and reversible.
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